Lifespan Developmental Theories

Approaches to Lifespan Development Nature versus Nurture debate reflects two contrasting approaches to understanding the specifics of the factors influencing the lifespan development of a person. The first one is based on the belief that humans acquire most of their traits from nature, which means that the hereditary factor is the one determining the development of the personality.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Lifespan Developmental Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The second approach is based on the assumption that people acquire their traits from the environment, which means that the child is born with no specific characteristics and his/her behavioral patterns develop from the external influences throughout different life stages. While there is a vast amount of literature exploring both of the approaches, the modern sources mainly claim that both internal and external factors shape the persona lity. In his article, Sameroff (2010) presents a view that unites the achievements of investigations in both nature and nurture influences on the development and calls for considering the two approaches as interrelated and complementary to each other. The author presents a well-developed reasoning for the claim that determining the influence of inner and external factors should not be regarded as opposing approaches and bases his assumptions on the data from relevant studies. Sameroff uses a considerable number of scholarly references to support his point of view. The information he presents is clear and detailed, and the assumptions he makes are logical and well-grounded. The article can be considered credible and serve as an illustration to the inappropriateness of contrasting nature and nurture, as the knowledge about the interaction between the hereditary factors and environmental influences is the key to understanding the complex process of human development. Though Sameroff an d many other scholars regard to nature and nurture as the approaches that should be integrated, many scientists still view them as contrasting to each other. Within the theoretical framework of nature approach, the development is regarded as the result of the combination of hereditary factors given to every person from the birth. The advocates of this approach consider studying the genes the key to understanding the origins of the traits developed by people. Cool (2014) analyzes Galton’s study on twins and comes to a conclusion that the stories of twins show the prevalence of nature over nurture. The adherents of nurture approach view environmental influences as the main factors shaping the development of a person and value the family and social environments as the main predictors of the personal traits the person develops throughout the life. However, as it was mentioned previously, the majority of modern scholars insist on the importance of studying the personality developm ent by integrating nature and nurture approaches (Kandler 2014; Robinson 2004).Advertising Looking for assessment on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Many scientists support such integration by presenting the evidence of the fact that even epigenetic factors are susceptible to the influence of environment, which means that nature and nurture are not opposing but impacting each other (Tammen, Friso, Choi, 2013; GadjeV, 2015). Therefore, only the integration of both approaches can provide the modern science with an opportunity to understand and predict such a complex process as personality development across a lifespan. Contributions of Theory to Practice Operant learning theory would predict that Karen will search for the opportunities to express herself and receive empathy from the members of the group in the next group session. Such behavior is stimulated by positive reinforcement Karen received during the previou s session from the group members who supported her and the counselor who reflected her emotions with concern and sensitivity. Erikson’s developmental theory suggests that the negative outcomes of the crisis experienced by Karen might include the development of the feeling of loneliness and angst and considering oneself incapable of loving and being loved. The positive outcomes might include Karen’s motivation to learn to make compromises and sacrifices necessary for long-term intimate relationships. Social learning theorists would predict that the group will be ready to support Karen again, as its participants observed the positive result of demonstrating empathy to the person suffering from the crisis in the relationships. Multidimensional or systems view can be applied to solutions for Karen’s developmental concerns by suggesting that the assessment of various internal and external factors influencing the woman’s personality should be conducted to revea l what factors have a negative impact on the development of her mature personality and eliminate them. The knowledge of theory contributes to our understanding of lifespan development significantly by revealing that this is a complex process influenced by numerous factors and teaching us that no single approach can be considered as the most righteous one. Instead, the integration of various approaches is the key to understanding the specifics of different stages of lifespan development better. Such knowledge is essential for the work in counseling psychology, as understanding the origins of traits and behavioral patterns of the person is the key to finding the methods to eliminate negative factors and help the person to deal with disturbing problems or overcome crisis. Theoretical knowledge is the key to successful practice in profession aimed at providing psychological assistance for people facing problems at different stages of the development of their personalities.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Lifespan Developmental Theories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Cool, A. (2014). Twins, nature, and nurture. BioSocieties, 9(2), 225-227. Gadjev, I. (2015). Nature and nurture: Lamarck’s legacy. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 114, 242–247. Kandler, C. (2014). Personality development between nature and nurture. Keynotes / Personality and Individual Differences, 60, S79–S82. Robinson, G. (2004). Beyond nature and nurture. Science, 304(5669), 397-399. Sameroff, A. (2010). A unified theory of development: A dialectic integration of nature and nurture. Child Development, 81(1), 6-22. Tammen, S., Friso, S., Choi, S. (2013). Epigenetics: The link between nature and nurture. Molecular Aspects of Medicine, 34, 753-764. This assessment on Lifespan Developmental Theories was written and submitted by user Swarm to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Ups and Downs of Left and Right

The Ups and Downs of Left and Right The Ups and Downs of â€Å"Left† and â€Å"Right† The Ups and Downs of â€Å"Left† and â€Å"Right† By Mark Nichol Left has gotten a bad rap throughout history. Because of overwhelming majority of people are right-handed (most estimates are in the range of 85 to 90 percent), left-handedness has come to be associated with weakness the word left itself is descended from an Old English word meaning â€Å"weak.† Left-handedness was therefore until recently often seen as undesirable, and even well into the twentieth century, parents and teachers often forced left-handed children to use their right hand for writing, eating, and other basic activities. Even now, â€Å"a left-handed compliment† (also described as â€Å"a backhanded compliment†), refers to an ostensibly positive comment that is explicitly or implicitly an insult. Idioms that employ left to describe an undesirable or unusual situation include â€Å"two left feet,† referring to a clumsy dancer, and â€Å"out of left field,† meaning an unexpected comment or idea. (The latter, however, is not necessarily derogatory.) We also use left to refer to something that remains behind as a result of deliberate action or accidental oversight. Another common idiom with a negative connotation, one using this sense of left, is â€Å"left a lot to be desired.† The equivalents of left in other languages have similarly pejorative meanings. Gauche, the French word for left, also means â€Å"tactless, crude, socially inept† in English as well as French. The opposite, droit, is the root word of maladroit, which means â€Å"incompetent, inept, unsuitable.† (English has adopted and adapted that term as adroit literally, â€Å"to the right,† and meaning â€Å"appropriate† as well as maladroit.) Sinister, from the Latin word for â€Å"on the left,† came to be associated with inauspicious or unlucky events, and was borrowed by French and later English to mean â€Å"evil.† In heraldry, it refers to the right-hand side of a coat of arms (the left-hand side from the point of view of the bearer of a shield, from which the coat of arms derived), opposite the dexter, or right, side. From the Latin element dextr-, meaning â€Å"on the right,† borrowed into English as dexter, we also get the adjective dexterous, meaning â€Å"clever, skillful.† Right itself means â€Å"good, correct,† and that’s the originally connotation when referring to the right hand it’s the correct one to use. Among the many idioms suggesting the positive connotation are â€Å"right-hand man† and â€Å"the right stuff.† (The use of right and leftto refer to political ideology, each often capitalized when referring to adherents as a collective, came from the revolutionary era in France: The conservative party in the National Assembly called itself the Droit, the â€Å"right† party. The liberal faction, in opposition, came to be referred to as the â€Å"left.†) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Great Similes from Literature to Inspire YouPeace of Mind and A Piece of One's Mind5 Tips to Understand Hyphenated Words

Regulation on water and regulations on lighting Research Paper

Regulation on water and regulations on lighting - Research Paper Example For the 40 and 60-Watts bulbs, they were to be replaced from 31st December 2012 though it was revised to 31st December 2014. Just like other regulations, the government is facing a challenge since it has to be harmonized with other regulations notably of the United States. According to the Environment Canada (2012), the federal government of Canada has control over fisheries, navigation, federal lands, and international relations. Regulations formulated under the various agencies seek to improve and secure the quality of water as a resource. The regulations call on the people of Canada to be on the forefront of conserving water since government regulations alone are not effective. Areas covered under the regulations are flow regulation, authorization of water use for development, water supply, pollution control, and thermal and hydroelectric power development (Miller, 2011). The management of energy is divided between the federal and territorial governments. The territorial governments have been given the powers to oversee exploration, development, conservation, and management of non-renewable resources (Natural Resources Canada, 2011). According to the Commissioner’s report, the governments are also responsible regulation of electricity generation. Management of non-renewable resources on federal lands, regulation of inter-provincial, and international trade and commerce fall within the jurisdiction of the federal government. These functions are carried out through government agencies. Miller, G. (2011). Restoring Balance: A Review of the First Three Years of the Green Energy Act. Annual Energy Conservation Progress Report-2011, vol. 1. Retrieved on 6 April 2013 from: